The advantage of having a long editorial leash is that I can kind of do what I want some times. For example, I have been curious about the idea of a Mossberg Shockwave with some of the interesting 410 defensive ammo that's out there. So I got two traditional 000 buck loads, a 3 inch 5 pellet from Remington, and a 2.5 inch 3 pellet from Winchester. I also got two of the novelty 410 loads, the Hornady Critical Defense, and a Winchester PDX1 Defender 3 inch.
Here's the 40 minute video that details the test protocol etc; it's timestamped in the description so you can skip around if you want.
If you'd rather read than watch, the 410 buckshot article also contains all my thoughts from the video but in written form.
Brief thought: based on this, as well as conversations with actual ballistic experts, I would not feel underarmed if I had to use the Shockwave loaded with the Remington 5 pellet in a defensive encounter. In fact, it kind of seems like a modern incarnation of the "under the bar" gun of yesteryear.
Also, caveat to everything: I'm not a scientist, I'm just a guy who pulls triggers and makes observations.