The locking block also keeps the slide and barrel and slide locked together for the moment of highest pressure inside the barrel, so the high pressures to not break through the thinner walls of the cartridge case. Part of the differences in a locked breach vs. blowback operating system.
Remove the lugs and the barrel can move forward as the slide moves rearward too soon, and hot gas is going to find the weakest point to escape. That would be the cartridge case walls forward of the cartridge case head. Nobody wants that.