For Pandora, yes; it picks up exactly where it left off as soon as it connects (verified with multiple cars, multiple phones, both via BT and Apple Car Play.)
Related question: I've tried Spotify Free on my home desk-top (Linux Mint running on a Dell e6530). It works ok, but I don't recall it being "good" in the sense of the music selection. I would give it an artist and let it run (e.g. Samantha James, or Chris Botti) to create a radio "station". The songs that came up were not, really, what I wanted, so I downvoted those, assuming it would eventually self-correct. But it never did. And so I gave up on Spotify after a while and reverted back to Pandora.
I see Spotify mentioned frequently; Pandora, not so much. Am I missing something here with Spotify that some of you guys can suggest? Or should I just stick with it some more?