Hornady .45 ACP 230 gr. XTP JHP +P (9096)
Test Firearm: unmodified HK USP .45ACP with a 4.41'' barrel
Barrier: 4 layers of 8-ounce cotton denim
Range: 21 feet
Test Medium: water @ 70° F
Average Diameter: 0.5947 inch
Recovered Weight: 229.6 grains (99.83% retained weight)
Impact Velocity: 922 fps
Recovered Length: 0.495 inch
Predictive Analysis:
Q-model
DoP: 19.007 inches
Wound Mass: 2.600 ounces
Wound Volume: 4.325 cubic inches
mTHOR
DoP: 18.545 inches
Wound Mass: 2.524 ounces
Wound Volume: 4.199 cubic inches
While the average predicted maximum penetration depth of this test ammunition is just a bit 'deep' at 18.776 inches (average predicted wound mass is 2.562 ounces), if this round were to exit a 12-inch deep human torso, its exit velocity would be on the order of 300 ― 325 fps which, due to being unstable after exiting a human body, is unlikely to produce a lethal injury in the event of an unintentional strike upon a down-range bystander.