Re HSI: HSI is a bell curve like everyone else but in some offices there is still very much a legacy Customs culture with managers, agents or both not really interested in immigration related cases. There are still some anti smuggling groups in hub cities and legacy INS SA's here and there doing the work but many of them got discouraged and jumped to ERO or retired. New SA's take the hint from management so I don't blame them, why fight the power ? Kiddie porn, dope and ITAR are all legit work but so are immigration fraud and human smuggling.
Re ERO: Trying to hire 8500 LEO's would be an issue for any agency.
1) Every mass LE hire brings in "bad apples" i.e. criminals with badges. It was true for the New Orleans, Miami and DC Police Departments, the USBP, and it was true for ERO 10 years ago.
2) About 10 years ago ICE ERO pumped up from about 3k to 7-8K in a few years. This resulted in trainees in academy classes without completed background checks getting pulled out of classes due to undisclosed criminal convictions etc.
3) To add those 4 k to 5k required 48 man classes (24 is normal for FLETC) on 6 day per week training schedules. It also required advanced / in-service training for many agencies move out of the main FLETC in Glynco to satellite facilities.
Lets just say "no agent left behind" is not a recipe for success in anyone's book.
USBP Agents are the only ones who can lateral into ERO positions as they have both complete training in Immigration law and the requisite Spanish language proficiency. Immigration law is one of the more complex subjects taught at FLETC. Spanish language proficiency training has a higher attrition rate that the actual ERO LEO academy.
Honestly what we need to do immigration enforcement is not more officers. Without increased post arrest support it is actually counter productive.
As TGS noted in #3 of his OP we need:
1) More detention space to end catch and release.
2) More Immigration Judges and ICE attorneys to speed up deportation proceedings. It should not take 10 years with 2-3 years between hearings to deport someone.
3) More SAUSAs (Special AUSAs) dedicated to immigration prosecutions and more federal magistrates and USMS detention space to prosecute immigration related crimes.
You will never get compliance with immigration laws if you don't have timely and significant consequences for breaking them. It's as simple as that.
There are currently about 339,000 deportation cases pending in the U.S. and only 250 immigration judges. Right now you have about 20,000 US BP Agents, 20,000 CBP Officers and another 17,000 or so ICE Officers and agents adding to this case load every day. The math just does not work.
A thread on the subject:
https://pistol-forum.com/showthread....-can-t-keep-up