A few years ago, I bought a CZ .17 HMR varmint rifle to shoot gophers with. Got it set up with a Leupold, and was ready to do battle with those critters.
My wife was shooting it to verify zero at 100 yards, and had a kaboom, driving the magazine out, spraying her forearm with shrapnel, and damaging the stock. I gave it to Jim Brockman to figure out what happened.
The problem turned out to be ammo. Ammo was very scarce at that time, and a friend helped me out with ammo he had that was surplus to his needs. Apparently, .17 HMR ammo has a +/- 7 year shelf life. This ammo was older. What happened was the neck of the cartridge split, in the box, allowing moisture to contaminate the powder. When my wife was shooting, she fired this bad round, and unknowingly had a squib, which lodged in the barrel. The next cartridge fired, causing the kaboom.
I believe we had Hornady ammo, which apparently is made by CCI (I understand CCI makes all the .17 HMR ammo). Hornady paid for CZ to repair the rifle. This makes me want to ditch the two .17 HMR rifles we have, the CZ and a Savage, as life is too short to worry about the age of ammo.