Re: 38 spl LSWC +p - as a youngster, I worked with a medically retired NYC Transit Police Officer who was hit in the head by one of his own rounds which ricocheted back on him. While on duty in the subway, he shot a suspect, striking him in the right side of his abdomen. The round passed through the suspect and ricocheted 2x, coming back and striking the officer in the upper forehead. The round didn't penetrate his skull, it traveled under the skin, following the contour of his skull and came to rest under the skin at the back of his head.
NYC Transit Police were the first to go to 9mm autos, issuing the Glock 19 with 15 round magazines. At the time Bill Bratton was the head of the Transit police. Transit was generally the more progressive of the three depts.
NYPD and the NYC Housing PD followed a few years later, not long before the three forces merged. If I recall correctly, 10 round mags were part of the original proposal for the NYPD transition to 9mm under Ray Kelly, but by the time the transition actually occurred under Bratton and Mayor Giuliani, 15 rounders were issued. The original issue ammo was 115 grain 9mm FMJ.
NYPD is still using the same three duty weapons: S&W 5646, SIG P226 DAO and the Glock 19 with NY plus trigger.